从颠覆到建构——从《简·爱》的多种解读看阅读的政治性

吉伯特和古芭的《阁楼上的疯女人》、斯皮瓦克的《三个女性文本与帝国主义批判》、琼.里丝的《藻海无边》都是对《简.爱》进行抗拒性批判解读的经典文本。作为批评家的读者,其抗拒性阅读有等级之分,建立在没有对话基础上的抗拒性阅读是主观臆想的霸权式阅读;从叙事与美学角度抗拒原文本意识形态属于理性颠覆阅读;通过建立自我叙事而形成的抗拒性阅读是建设性颠覆阅读。这三种抗拒性阅读的不同运作机制,体现出阅读的政治性。     

《简·爱》与圣经

夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《简·爱》自19世纪发表以来,一直有着长盛不衰的魅力。文章通过分析小说中平行结构、比喻象征、幻觉的独特表现手法及圣经典故的应用,揭示圣经文体对《简·爱》的影响及其文体方面的艺术魅力。     

人际语法隐喻在文学作品中的体现——以《简·爱》中一段人物对话进行分析

分析功能语法中人际功能,语法隐喻,人际语法隐喻几个概念,通过具体的文学作品《简.爱》片段,阐释人际语法隐喻这一理论,进行人物性格及心理分析。     

How evaluators can deal with role conflict

Unclear professional norms create problems of role conflict for program evaluators. Four circumstances that produce role conflict and suggestions for dealing with each one are examined. The influence of the organizational context on role conflicts is also considered.     

庄园之爱：论《曼斯菲尔德庄园》的空间隐喻

《曼斯菲尔德庄园》里建构了曼斯菲尔德庄园、朴次茅斯和伦敦三个主要空间,小说在空间对比中展现出庄园的空间特性：美好舒适的生活空间、遵礼守制的道德空间、幸福的家园。小说以空间隐喻的方式层层赞美了庄园这一空间,也由此表达了简．奥斯丁最英国的思想：对乡村田园生活的热爱、对英国绅士文化的推崇、对传统家庭伦理观的维护。本文的空间批评视野为理解“庄园”这一简．奥斯丁小说中最显著的空间形象提供了一种有意义的解读。     

毒物描写：《一千英亩》的隐型环境伦理主题

简·斯迈利的小说《一千英亩》蕴涵多种文学伦理内涵,其中隐性的毒物描写可以将该作品归入后自然小说之列。本文以环境文学之毒物描写为切入点,从环境伦理思考、环境伦理话语、环境伦理诉求三方面分析《一千英亩》的环境伦理主题,指出《一千英亩》等后自然小说中的毒物描写源于作者的毒物意识,是毒物危机背景下人类关于环境末世的环境伦理思考;潜隐在土地之争、父女矛盾等传统伦理话语下,小说揭露人类滥用化学毒物以提高土地产量,忽视毒物对环境和女性造成的无法逆转的危害,表面先进繁荣的农场暗藏着人与土地的生态危机,构成环境危机背景下典型的环境伦理话语;基于毒物描写的环境伦理主题反映了后自然小说的环境伦理诉求,表现出文学创作对特定历史阶段各种伦理观念和伦理道德的独特表达与作家的社会责任担当意识。     

Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression by David Healy

This article examines the activities of Jane Addams and the Progressive party campaign for President of the United States in 1912. Using primary and secondary data, the article addresses the many decisions and challenges faced by Addams and supporters of Progressive party candidate, Theodore Roosevelt. In particular, I focus on the ways in which issues associated with race, class, and gender shaped the election and Addams' experience within it and the ways in which, despite their apparent differences, Addams was able to support and actively campaign for Roosevelt. Moreover, I examine the struggles of Progressives to define themselves outside the parameters of Socialism in 1912 and the role by played by red-baiting in that effort. In sum, this article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of Addams, the settlement-house movement, and Progressivism and to elevate in importance the 1912 election for President in that larger history.     

Women and the Nobel Prize for peace

The Nobel Prize for Peace has been awarded for over 100 years. While the formal criteria for selection have not changed, there has been an evolution in the kind of choices made. To better understand those choices I have grouped individual winners into five distinct categories. The two largest groups are national leaders working within the international legal system and peace activists. The other three are: opponents capable of exercising force who agree to stop using it; individuals pursuing justice, freedom and/or rights nonviolently as a prelude to peace; and those offering selfless service. Some winners have focused on ending conflict. This kind of peace is sometimes called `negative'. Others have sought a `positive' peace, one based on justice. While at least one woman falls into each of the categories, those which involve the application of law and/or force have only one woman each. Women are primarily peace activists. They won in ten of the seventy-one years that individuals won. Three won in the first fifty years. There was then a thirty-year hiatus, but since 1976 eight women have been winners. They vary in nationality, age and class, but in only one case did the individual work through well-established institutions. Most acted either as individuals or were founding participants in new organizations.     

“天使”与“女巫“同样的归宿——重谈简·爱与伯莎

简·爱与伯莎这两个人物形象,自诞生后被视为两种针锋相对的价值取向。然而,随着社会和文学批评的发展,人们对这两个人物形象产生了新的反响。她们都是男性压迫的反抗者,又同是男权主义的牺牲品,其命运归宿是一致的。     

英国女性文学的两座丰碑--《简·爱》与《呼啸山庄》比较研究之一

勃朗特姐妹二人都在英国女性文学史上占据着相当重要的地位。相比较而言,《简.爱》在彰显女性主体意识的同时,又在一定程度上流露出受到男权话语操控的痕迹;而《呼啸山庄》则在想象的荒原上颠覆了男权社会的一切秩序。